July 24, 2024
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Updated the Cancer and Cardiovascular disease subsections of the Calcium and Health section to include findings from a long-term analysis of the Women’s Health Initiative Calcium and Vitamin D trial.
January 3, 2024
Corrected effect sizes for references 78 and 79 in the preeclampsia section.
October 6, 2022
Revised the Introduction to state that vitamin D is required for calcium to be absorbed in the gut by active transport and to maintain adequate calcium levels in blood.
May 31, 2022
Revised wording to reflect current scientific consensus that obesity is a disease.
November 17, 2021
Corrected the units from mcg to mg in the following statement, "The World Health Organization recommends 1,500–2,000 mg/day calcium for pregnant women with low dietary calcium intakes to reduce preeclampsia risk."
August 17, 2021
Added text to state that for rickets and osteomalacia, the requirements for calcium and vitamin D appear to be interrelated in that the lower the serum vitamin D level (measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]), the more calcium is needed to prevent these diseases (cited Sempos et al.).
August 11, 2021
This fact sheet was comprehensively reviewed and extensively revised.
March 29, 2021
Updated the Daily Value text, linked to the new edition of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and updated the associated text.
March 26, 2020
Added chia seeds to Table 2 as an additional source of calcium.
February 14, 2020
Updated Sources of Calcium to reflect the new Daily Value and the new Nutrition Facts and Supplement Facts Labels.
October 16, 2019
Corrected the link for reference 61.
July 9, 2019
Updated the link to USDA’s FoodData Central.
September 26, 2018
Revised the footnote in Table 2 to acknowledge the updated Nutrition and Supplement Facts labels and how the calcium Daily Value will change on these labels.
March 2, 2018
Updated Dietary Reference Intake definitions.
November 17, 2016
Revised text about cardiovascular disease in the section on Calcium and Health.
