May 20, 2025
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This fact sheet was comprehensively reviewed and extensively revised.
November 17, 2023
Updated the probiotics safety section to include an FDA warning on the use of probiotics in preterm infants.
February 14, 2023
Updated the introduction, herbs, and magnesium sections with recent research.
August 8, 2022
Updated the “How does your immune system respond to COVID-19?” section to state that COVID-19 vaccines are available for anyone aged 6 months or older.
November 5, 2021
Information about the safety and effectiveness of magnesium, quercetin, selenium, and vitamin E dietary supplements has been added and information for the other ingredients has been updated to reflect newly published research.
August 17, 2021
Revised text to clarify in which foods vitamin D is naturally present.
August 4, 2021
Revised text to state that omega-3 supplements are safe at doses up to about 5 g/day.
